Mouth Tongue Teeth and Tooth Decay


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Mouth Tongue Teeth and Tooth Decay

Mouth: Mouth consists of oral cavity, through which food is ingested. It is bounded by lips and cheeks. It contains gums, teeth, a tongue and muscles.

The tongue tastes the food and moves it to pharynx. Tongue is a highly muscular sensory organ present at floor of buccal cavity. It bears several taste buds and helps in mixing food with saliva. Teeth help in biting, cutting and chewing food. Teeth masticate the food. This makes it easier to swallow food and increases its surface area for various digestive secretions to act on.

Teeth :  The four types of teeth are: incisors, canines, premolars and molars.

  • Incisors help in cutting the food.
  • Canines help in tearing of food.
  • Molar and premolar help in crushing, chewing and grinding of food. Our teeth are covered with a hard protective covering of ‘enamel’. The enamel covers the dentine, which is a yellowish substance forming the bulk of the tooth.
  • Types of Teeth Lower Jaw Upper Jaw   Total Teeth
    Cutting and biting teeth 4 4 8
    Piercing and tearing teeth 2 2 4
    Chewing and grinding teeth        4 + 6 (Pre molar + Molar)  4 + 6 (Pre molar + Molar) 20
    Total     32
  • Tooth Decay: The condition of gradual softening of enamel. It begins when bacteria acting on sugar produce acids and soften or de- mineralise the enamel. Masses of bacterial cells together with food particles stick to the teeth to form ‘dental plague’. Due to this, saliva fails to reach the tooth surface to neutralize the acid because plague covers the teeth. Brushing the teeth after eating removes plague before the bacteria produce acids.
  • When we eat sweets, chocolates and ice creams, bacteria act on sugars and produce acids which soften the protective covering. This cause ‘dental caries’. If the teeth are not brushed properly after meals, bacteria may invade deeper into the teeth. This leads to infection and toothache.
  • The presence of food on the mouth stimulates the three pairs of salivary glands to secrete ‘saliva’. Saliva has mucin, which lubricates the mouth and food. Saliva also has salivary amylase’, a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch and glycogen to maltose.
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    Sample Questions
    (More Questions for each concept available in Login)
    Question : 1

    Which of the following is not a good habit ?

    Right Option : C
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    The process of ingestion starts from ____________________ .

    Right Option : A
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    Which of the following are correct ?

    (a) The process of ingestion starts from mouth or oral  cavity.

    (b) In human beings, teeth grow twice. The sets of teeth that grow during infancy are called milk teeth. These are also called temporary teeth.

    (c) Tongue is free from front and can help in mixing saliva with food, swallowing the food, taking or speaking and tasting with the help of taste buds for sweet, salt, sour and bitter food.

    Right Option : B
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    Explanation
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